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Modern definitions are concerned with the fundamental chemical reactions common to all acids.Most acids encountered in everyday life are aqueous solutions, or can be dissolved in water, so the Arrhenius and Brønsted-Lowry definitions are the most relevant.The Brønsted-Lowry definition is the most widely used definition; unless otherwise specified, acid-base reactions are assumed to involve the transfer of a proton (H+) from an acid to a base.Hydronium ions are acids according to all three definitions. Interestingly, although alcohols and amines can be Brønsted-Lowry acids, they can also function as Lewis bases due to the lone pairs of electrons on their oxygen and nitrogen atoms.

Mineral acids (inorganic acids)

    Hydrogen halides and their solutions:

hydrofluoric acid (HF),
 hydrochloric acid (HCl),
hydrobromic acid (HBr),
 hydroiodic acid (HI)

    Halogen oxoacids:

 hypochlorous acid (HClO),
chlorous acid (HClO2),
chloric acid (HClO3),
 perchloric acid (HClO4),
and corresponding analogs for bromine and iodine.
        Hypofluorous acid (HFO),
the only known oxoacid for fluorine.
    Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
    Fluorosulfuric acid (HSO3F)
    Nitric acid (HNO3)
    Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
    Fluoroantimonic acid (HSbF6)
    Fluoroboric acid (HBF4)
    Hexafluorophosphoric acid (HPF6)
    Chromic acid (H2CrO4)
    Boric acid (H3BO3)

Sulfonic acids

A sulfonic acid has the general formula RS(=O)2–OH, where R is an organic radical.

    Methanesulfonic acid (or mesylic acid, CH3SO3H)
    Ethanesulfonic acid (or esylic acid, CH3CH2SO3H)
    Benzenesulfonic acid (or besylic acid, C6H5SO3H)
    p-Toluenesulfonic acid (or tosylic acid, CH3C6H4SO3H)
    Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (or triflic acid, CF3SO3H)
    Polystyrene sulfonic acid (sulfonated polystyrene, [CH2CH(C6H4)SO3H]n)

Carboxylic acids

A carboxylic acid has the general formula R-C(O)OH, where R is an organic radical. The carboxyl group -C(O)OH contains a carbonyl group, C=O, and a hydroxyl group, O-H.

    Acetic acid (CH3COOH)
    Citric acid (C6H8O7)
    Formic acid (HCOOH)
    Gluconic acid HOCH2-(CHOH)4-COOH
    Lactic acid (CH3-CHOH-COOH)
    Oxalic acid (HOOC-COOH)
    Tartaric acid (HOOC-CHOH-CHOH-COOH)

Halogenated carboxylic acids

Halogenation at alpha position increases acid strength, so that the following acids are all stronger than acetic acid.

    Fluoroacetic acid
    Trifluoroacetic acid
    Chloroacetic acid
    Dichloroacetic acid
    Trichloroacetic acid

Vinylogous carboxylic acids

Normal carboxylic acids are the direct union of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group. In vinylogous carboxylic acids, a carbon-carbon double bond separates the carbonyl and hydroxyl groups.

    Ascorbic acid

Nucleic acids

    Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
    Ribonucleic acid (RNA)