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Gypsum is used in a wide variety of applications

Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O. It is widely mined and is used as a fertilizer, and as the main constituent in many forms of plaster, blackboard chalk and wallboard. A massive fine-grained white or lightly tinted variety of gypsum, called alabaster, has been used for sculpture by many cultures including Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Ancient Rome, the Byzantine Empire and the Nottingham alabasters of Medieval England. Mohs scale of mineral hardness, based on scratch hardness comparison, defines hardness value 2 as gypsum. It forms as an evaporite mineral and as a hydration product of anhydrite.
 

Gypsum is used in a wide variety of applications:

    Gypsum board is primarily used as a finish for walls and ceilings, and isknown in construction as drywall, wallboard, sheetrock or plasterboard.Gypum block are used like concrete blocks in building construction.Gypsum mortar is an ancient mortar used in building construction.Plaster ingredients are used in surgical splints, casting moulds and modeling.Fertilizer and soil conditioner: In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Nova Scotia gypsum, often referred to as plaster, was a highly sought fertilizer for wheat fields in the United States. It is also used in ameliorating high-sodium soils,[20] such as in the Zuiderzee Works.A binder in fast-dry tennis court clayAs alabaster, a material for sculpture, it was used especially in the ancient world before steel was developed, when its relative softness made it much easier to carve.A wood substitute in the ancient world: For example, when wood became scarce due to deforestation on Bronze Age Crete, gypsum was employed in building construction at locations where wood was previously used.A tofu (soy bean curd) coagulant, making it ultimately a major source of dietary calcium, especially in Asian cultures which traditionally use few dairy productsAdding hardness to water used for brewingUsed in baking as a dough conditioner, reducing stickiness, and as a baked-goods source of dietary calcium. The primary component of mineral yeast food.
    A component of Portland cement used to prevent flash setting of concrete
    Soil/water potential monitoring (soil moisture)
    A common ingredient in making mead
    In the medieval period, scribes and illuminators mixed it with lead carbonate (powdered white lead) to make gesso, which was applied to illuminated letters and gilded with gold in illuminated manuscripts.
    In foot creams, shampoos and many other hair products
    A medicinal agent in traditional Chinese medicine called shi gao
    Impression plasters in dentistry
    Used in mushroom cultivation to stop grains from clumping together
    Tests have shown that gypsum can be used to remove pollutants such as lead or arsenic from contaminated waters.

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