Several major subdisciplines exist in petroleum geology specifically to study the seven key elements discussed above. Source rock analysisIn terms of source rock analysis, several facts need to be established. Firstly, the question of whether there actually is any source rock in the area must be answered. Delineation and identification of potential source rocks depends on studies of the local stratigraphy, palaeogeography and sedimentology to determine the likelihood of organic-rich…
Read morePetroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface. It is commonly refined into various types of fuels. Components of petroleum are separated using a technique called fractional distillation i.e. separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column.
Read moreCarbon dioxide cleaning (CO2 cleaning) comprises a family of methods for parts cleaning and sterilization, using carbon dioxide in its various phases. It is often preferred for use on delicate surfaces:275 CO2 cleaning has found application in the aerospace, automotive, electronics, medical, and other industries.Carbon dioxide snow cleaning has been used to remove particles and organic residues from metals, polymers, ceramics, glasses, and other materials, and from surfaces including hard…
Read moreModern definitions are concerned with the fundamental chemical reactions common to all acids.Most acids encountered in everyday life are aqueous solutions, or can be dissolved in water, so the Arrhenius and Brønsted-Lowry definitions are the most relevant.The Brønsted-Lowry definition is the most widely used definition; unless otherwise specified, acid-base reactions are assumed to involve the transfer of a proton (H+) from an acid to a base.Hydronium ions are acids according to all three…
Read moreAcids in solution have a pH below 7.0, a sour taste, releases hydroxyl ions in water, and turn litmus paper red. Acids are divided into two main classes: (1) Strong acids are very corrosive and cause severe skin burns, examples are hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid.
Read moreCopper slag is a by-product of copper extraction by smelting. During smelting, impurities become slag which floats on the molten metal. Slag that is quenched in water produces angular granules which are disposed of as waste or utilized as discussed below. Applications Sandblasting
Read moreBaryte or barite (BaSO4) is a mineral consisting of barium sulfate. The baryte group consists of baryte, celestine, anglesite and anhydrite. Baryte is generally white or colorless, and is the main source of barium. Baryte and celestine form a solid solution. Uses
Read moreDimethyl terephthalate (DMT) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO2CH3)2. It is the diester formed from terephthalic acid and methanol. It is a white solid that melts to give a distillable colourless liquid. Production Dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) has been produced in a number of ways. Conventionally and still of commercial value is the direct esterification of terephthalic acid. Alternatively, it can be prepared by alternating oxidation and methyl-esterification steps from p-xylene…
Read moreOrganic pigments are based on carbon chains and carbon rings. However, they can also contain metallic (inorganic) elements that help stabilize the properties of the organic component. Inorganic pigments, chemical compounds not based on carbon, are usually metallic salts precipitated from solutions. How organic pigments are made?
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