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Fluoride, particularly aqueous solutions of sodium fluoride, are rapidly and quite extensively absorbed.

Fluorides interfere with electron transport and calcium metabolism. Calcium is essential for maintaining cardiac membrane potentials and in regulating coagulation. Large ingestion of fluoride salts or hydrofluoric acid may result in fatal arrhythmias due to profound hypocalcemia. Chronic over-absorption can cause hardening of bones, calcification of ligaments, and buildup on teeth. Fluoride can cause irritation or corrosion to eyes, skin, and nasal membranes.

Sodium fluoride (NaF) is a chemical compound and medication. As a medication, it is primarily used to prevent tooth decay in children older than 6 months in areas where the drinking water is low in fluoride. Sodium fluoride is used as a liquid, pill, or paste by mouth with this use being known as fluoride therapy.

Dimethylformamide is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NC(O)H. Commonly abbreviated as DMF (although this initialism is sometimes used for dimethylfuran or dimethyl fumarate), this colorless liquid is miscible with water and the majority of organic liquids. DMF is a common solvent for chemical reactions. Dimethylformamide is odorless whereas technical grade or degraded samples often have a fishy smell due to the impurity of dimethylamine. As its name indicates, it is a derivative of formamide, the amide of formic acid.